Why Were the Ancient Greeks Called Hellenes

If you read any ancient Greek history, youll see references to the Hellenic people and the Hellenistic period. These references describe only a relatively brief period between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE and the defeat of Egypt by Rome in 31 BCE. Egypt, and particularly Alexandria, came to be the center of Hellenism. The end of the Hellenistic World came when the Romans took over Egypt, in 30 B.C., with the death of Cleopatra. Origin of the Name Hellene The name comes from Hellen who was not the woman famed from the Trojan War (Helen of Troy), but the son of Deucalion and Pyrrha. According to Ovids Metamorphoses, Deucalion and Pyrrha were the only survivors of a flood similar to the one described in the story of Noahs Ark. To repopulate the world, they throw stones which turn into people; the first stone they throw becomes their son, Hellen. Hellen, the male, has two ls in his name; whereas Helen of Troy has only one. Ovid did not come up with the idea of using the name Hellen to describe the Greek people; according to Thucydides: Before the Trojan war there is no indication of any common action in Hellas, nor indeed of the universal prevalence of the name; on the contrary, before the time of Hellen, son of Deucalion, no such appellation existed, but the country went by the names of the different tribes, in particular of the Pelasgian. It was not till Hellen and his sons grew strong in Phthiotis, and were invited as allies into the other cities, that one by one they gradually acquired from the connection the name of Hellenes; though a long time elapsed before that name could fasten itself upon all. The best proof of this is furnished by Homer. Born long after the Trojan War, he nowhere calls all of them by that name, nor indeed any of them except the followers of Achilles from Phthiotis, who were the original Hellenes: in his poems they are called Danaans, Argives, and Achaeans. (Richard Crawleys translation of Thucydides Book I) Who the Hellenes Were After the death of Alexander, some city-states came under Greek influence and were thus Hellenized. The Hellenes, therefore, were not necessarily ethnic Greeks as we know them today. Instead, they included groups we now know of as Assyrians, Egyptians, Jews, Arabs, and Armenians among others. As Greek influence spread, Hellenization even reached the Balkans, the Middle East, Central Asia, and parts of modern India and Pakistan. What Happened to the Hellenes As the Roman Republic became stronger, it began to flex its military might. In 168 BCE, the Romans defeated Macedon; from that point forward, Roman influence grew. In 146 BCE the Hellenistic region became a Protectorate of Rome; it was then that Romans began imitating Hellenic (Greek) clothing, religion, and ideas. The end of the Hellenistic Era came in 31 BCE. It was then that Octavian, who later became Augustus Caesar, defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra and made Greece a part of the new Roman Empire.

Before Ronald Reagan Became President, There Was A Lot

Before Ronald Reagan became president, there was a lot of hostility between the federal government and working labor (Foner 831). In Reagan’s inauguration address, he states, â€Å"We are a nation that has a government – not the other way around. And this makes us special among the nations of the Earth. Our government has no power expect that granted it by the people. It is time to check and reverse the growth of government, which shows signs of having grown beyond the consent of the governed.† He also clears up any misunderstandings by saying, â€Å"It’s not my intention to do away with government. It is rather to make it work with us, not over us; but by our side, not ride on our backs. Government can and must provide opportunity, not smother it;†¦show more content†¦In addition, Reagan’s 1981 Program for Economic Recovery had four major policies, which are: to reduce the growth of government spending, reduce the marginal tax rates on in come from labor and capital, reduce regulation, and to reduce inflation by controlling the growth of the money supply (Niskanen). Reagan’s Economic Recovery Program, also known as Reaganomics, was the most serious recession of the U.S. economic policy since Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal (Niskanen). However, according to historian, Eric Foner, there have been many issues with Reaganomics since the new policies, rising stock prices, and deindustrialization inevitably resulted into the rise of economic inequality, also known as the second gilded age (Foner 832). There were many critical issues with Reaganomics, which was intended to help expand the economy, but it eventually became the downturn during 1981 through 1982 (Foner 832). For example, the wealthiest American families benefited the most from the economic expansion because they had spent most of their income not on productive investments and charity, but on luxury goods and corporate buyouts (Foner 832). Wherea s, the poorest 40 percent of the population’s incomes have declined, especially those with wives who did not work outside of their homes (Foner 832). Foner states that the 1980s was remembered as a decade of misplaced values because buying out companies generated more profits than actually running them orShow MoreRelatedRonald Reagan s Impact On The United States1498 Words   |  6 PagesThe Impact of Ronald Reagan Serving as the 40th president, Ronald Reagan made a lasting impact on the United States of America. Reagan ran for president in 1968 and 1976 and did not win the elections, it was not until 1980 when he ran again for the third time and became the president. 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Discussion on Ethical Dilemma

Questions: Case Scenario: A 6-year-old develops a high fever accompanied by violent vomiting and convulsions while at school. The child is rushed to a nearby hospital. The attending physician makes a diagnosis of meningitis and requests permission to initiate treatment from the parents. The childs parents are divorced. The mother, who is not the biological parent of the child, has primary custody. She is a Christian Scientist who insists that no medical treatment be offered for religious reasons. The biological father, who resides in another state, is also contacted. He insists that treatment be given and seeks independent consultation from another physician. Assignment: In a formal, written paper of 800-1,200 words, answer the following questions: 1.What is the ethical dilemma here? 2.Describe the decision-making model you selected from your readings. 3.How would you resolve this dilemma using the model? 4.Include, at the end of your paper, a 200-word dialog in which you explain your decision to the family. (Remember to use language that the family would understand). Answers: 1. Ethical Dilemma is considered a complex situation where an individual faces a mental conflict and moral imperatives to make a decision. In Nursing sector, facing an ethical dilemma is a very predominant issue (Beach, 2014) . One of the major ethical dilemma includes patient freedom versus nurse control, reproductive rights, honesty versus information, other minor dilemma, different beliefs, resource management, etc. This case study is based on an ethical dilemma facing in the process of treatment of a six year old child. The main aim of this study is to resolve the particular dilemma using a proper decision making model in order to start the treatment of the child. The case is for a Six year old child developing high fever with violent vomiting and convulsions while she was in school. After this event, the child was immediately admitted to a nearby hospital. The physician diagnosed her with meningitis and requested for the permission to start the treatment. Her biological parents are divorced. Her mother is, who is not the biological parent, has the primary custody of the child. She is a Christian Scientist and insists on the not applying medical interventions for religious causes. The biological father, who lives in another state also contacted the physician and insists on applying medical interventions. In medical interventions, ethical dilemma is caused due to many reasons. One of the major reasons behind ethical dilemma is a contradiction of a doctors duty. If the doctor is confused between what is said to him and what he needs to do, then there is a conflict in terms of doctors mindset (Beach, 2014). As pet certain protocols for doctors such as physicians, that he must treat the patient. But in this particular case, the mother of the child is refusing for any medical interventions. On the other hand the biological father of the child is insisting for applying medical interventions. The professional codes of medical professionals and ethics suggest that before starting medical interventions for a particular patient, it is compulsory to ask for the permission from the patients guardian or parents. In this scenario the mother of the child is restrained from giving permission. As a result, the doctor is not able to start the primary necessary interventions to be carried out. In addit ion to this, he cannot seek for the consent to begin his work. 2. To overcome this dilemma, the physician can apply the DECIDE model for the decision making help (Beach, 2014). The Decide model is applicable in this scenario as it can be used in health issues. D- Define or identify the problem or issue. E-Estabhment of the criteria and measures which are needed to implement. C-Consideration of all the possible choices. I- Identification of the best option for this particular case scenario. D-Development of the action plan which is selected for execution. E- Evaluation and Monitoring of the solution with respect to the mentioned health issue. 3. In this particular case, the mother of the child is not allowing the doctor to take medical interventions. As we know, the child is suffering from meningitis and symptoms such as high fever, vomiting and convulsions (Barry Edgman-Levitan, 2012). As per the physician, the child is in immediate need of medical intervention. To overcome this situation, only two, one way is to treat the child or the other way is to allow the child to suffer. In these particular scenarios, DECIDE model can be applied to resolve the ethical issue (Barry Edgman-Levitan, 2012). The most important thing to understand the mental thinking and the condition of the mother of the child. As, the child is need of medical intervention, the mother of the child should be educated with scientific backgrounds. She should be made aware of the modern development of scientific technologies. The most important thing is to demolish her superstitious beliefs and convince her. To make feel that her child needs medical help on an emergency basis (Baghbanian, 2012). Moreover, the doctor should consult his father, in order to convince her mother. As a doctor, the primary goal of the physician is to treat a patient for betterment. In this scenario, if the physician does not treat the child, the condition can become worse and out of control. So, the physician can get permission from his biological father and start the treatment procedure on an emergency basis. If any legal prospect arises, the physician can show the humanitarian grounds and consent of his father through voicemail or email which will provide a legal importance. (Barry Edgman-Levitan, 2012) 4. Following is provided the conversational dialogue between the physician and the childs mother is given below: Physician: The child is suffering from meningitis and she needs immediate medical interventions. As a protocol, you have to provide us the permission! Mother: she does not need any medical intervention. Lord is her shepared. He will take care. Intervention: this is 21st century madam, mane reched to the moon, earth is round, think from a scientific prospect, If u don not response, her life will be in danger! Physiscian: I have talked with the father of the child, he is asking for medical intervention, with scientific point of view, you should discard these supersticious and agree to save the life of the child. All over the world, people are taking to consume medical interventions and they are getting well. So you should think broadly. Mother: I am a strong beneiver of Christian scientist. I prefer this otion more. Physician: There is no scientific valu of such practices, you should think with ur mind, how can such practices be fruitful, if so, then people would never opt for medical interventions. Think broadly, do not narrow down your thinking. Evry minute loss is putting your chailds life in danger. Please provide me the permission. Mother: Okay, I am giving you the permission, but my child should get well. Physician: She will, thank you for your permission, I will try my level best. References Baghbanian, A., Hughes, I., Kebriaei, A., Khavarpour, F. A. (2012). Adaptive decision-making: how Australian healthcare managers decide.Australian Health Review,36(1), 49-56. Barry, M. J., Edgman-Levitan, S. (2012). Shared decision makingthe pinnacle of patient-centered care.New England Journal of Medicine,366(9), 780-781. Beach, L. R. (2014).Decision making in the workplace: A unified perspective. Psychology Press.

Joan of Arc Essay Summary Example For Students

Joan of Arc Essay Summary Joan of ArcJoan of Arc by Nancy Wilson Ross in nineteen-hundred and fifty-three and published by Random House. Nancy Wilson Ross was born in Olympia Washington; she wrote many books on the early fifteenth century including Joan of Arc. Nancy Wilson Ross wrote of that Joan of Arc was a simple girl taken advantage of by a wimp of a prince/king who left her to be used and abandoned at the first sign of trouble; by those that she had helped the most. That Joan was divinely guided by her voices and manipulated by many to fit their will. Mrs. Ross starts off by showing the extreme challenge of getting to see the Prince Dauphin. In the beginning she was laughed at and told to go back to her family farm, as a mere girl they had no need of her. But Joan did not give up and she waited till the war had gone on for awhile and was not going well and then she tried again. Joan was finally allowed to go to see her Prince and tell him of her voices, but first she had to endure a verification of the origin of her voices and of her that took quite a while longer. Joan in the mean time grew anxious for the Prince and for France as her voices were urging her to hurry and help Prince Dauphin get crowned King of France and save her country from the English. After Joan is proven fit, she is finally allowed to meet her Prince and finds that he is a weak-willed individual that is not inclined to make any decisions, least of all to put forth the effort to go to Reims and be crowned the King of France. Joan does convince him into letting her go out into the battle fields and help lead the soldiers to a victory. Joan was fulfilling a prophecy that said that having been through a woman (the wicked plots of Dauphins Mother), would be restored by a girl from Lorraine. In battle Joan was smart and brave and gave the men hope that they could turn the war around. Joan dictated letters to the English generals that she did not want to hurt them and that they should go home, but they ignored her and she fought them till they turned and ran. Joan helped turn the tide to Frances advantage and then returned to Prince Dauphin to try to convince him to go to Reims and be crowned. After Joan made sure that the passage to Reims was safe, she returned to cour t to wait out and answer from Prince Dauphin. While waiting Joan the Maid is treated as a Lady of the Court, but she is anxious to see France united by having a crowned King to lead them. Mrs. Ross uses the times of wait to show how the Prince did not take serious the affairs of France or of the war, but only of his own comfort. Joan the maid finally convinces the Prince that he must make the decision that is the only hope for France and be crowned the King. Joan the maid travels with the Princes entourage to Reims with no mishap and finally gets to see her family that she has been away from for so long. But Joans voices are urging her to get her mission completed and to crown the King. Joan accomplishes the crowning of the King in less then twenty-four hours of arriving in Reims. After the crowning of the King, Mrs. Ross reminds us how much Joan is set in the wings by the King until he has no choice but to let her do as her voices bid her. The new King would rather show Joan the Maid off than to listen to what she is trying to tell him about the war. Joan the Maid is kept at court for to long, she is allowed to rejoin the men fighting for the unity of France. Joan is not as lucky this time and is captured by the Burgundian soldiers, and even though she had fought a brave fight she was now a captive of war. Mrs. Ross illustrates how of all the people that Joan the Maid has befriended and helped especially the King, no one came to Joans rescue or even tried to ransom her back; it was as though she was of no more use they just let her to her own fate. Joan was put to trial as a witch and first she confessed that she was what ever they wanted her to be so that she could be at peace, but she could not live with a lie. In the end the trial branded her a witch for t he same voices that had crowned a King of France and turned the war around and she was tied to a stake and set on fire while everyone watched and cheered. Mrs. Ross completes her wonderful book, by completing her point that this was a gift that was used, abused, and finally honored in the end. In the end twenty-five years after Joan of Arcs horrible death her family petitioned the Pope as the head of the Church and he re-tried Joans case. They finally allowed the voices of the people that Joan had known and helped to be heard, all but the King who never spoke out on her behalf. Joan was declared by the Pope to be innocent of all charges and was named Saint Joan of Arc for her life that she gave to help unite her war-torn country. .ua8977ae6bcc0c099e4d1303f6e914efa , .ua8977ae6bcc0c099e4d1303f6e914efa .postImageUrl , .ua8977ae6bcc0c099e4d1303f6e914efa .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua8977ae6bcc0c099e4d1303f6e914efa , .ua8977ae6bcc0c099e4d1303f6e914efa:hover , .ua8977ae6bcc0c099e4d1303f6e914efa:visited , .ua8977ae6bcc0c099e4d1303f6e914efa:active { border:0!important; } .ua8977ae6bcc0c099e4d1303f6e914efa .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua8977ae6bcc0c099e4d1303f6e914efa { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua8977ae6bcc0c099e4d1303f6e914efa:active , .ua8977ae6bcc0c099e4d1303f6e914efa:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua8977ae6bcc0c099e4d1303f6e914efa .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua8977ae6bcc0c099e4d1303f6e914efa .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua8977ae6bcc0c099e4d1303f6e914efa .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua8977ae6bcc0c099e4d1303f6e914efa .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua8977ae6bcc0c099e4d1303f6e914efa:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua8977ae6bcc0c099e4d1303f6e914efa .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua8977ae6bcc0c099e4d1303f6e914efa .ua8977ae6bcc0c099e4d1303f6e914efa-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua8977ae6bcc0c099e4d1303f6e914efa:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Radicalism of American Revolut EssayMrs. Ross has written many books and is well known for the detail and history in her books. I would recommend that everyone read her books.